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In each generation further in the pedigree the number of ancestors increases exponently. E.g. in generation 10 an animal has 210 = 1024 ancestors. In most breeds in the period the ancestors of generation 10 lived, less than 1024 animals were used for breeding. Thus further in de pedigree the same animals pop up in the pedigree of the sire and the dam: they are related and therefore their offspring becomes inbred. This emphasizes that the deeper the pedigree, the better the relationship between sire and dam can be established. As (constrained) inbreeding is indeed an issue in dog breeding, most examples we will present, will originate from dog breeds.