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A change in the breeding goal in between the time of prediction and realisation most likely will result in a difference between the realised and the predicted selection response. The predictions were made using the old breeding goal, but the animals are selected already using the new, slightly changed breeding goal. Obviously this will result in a difference between predicted and realised genetic response to selection. Related to this, even though the breeding goal remains the same, a change in phenotype recording may have similar consequences. For example, introduction of new and improved equipment will improve the accuracy of the measurements, which may have an increasing effect on the heritability (see chapter on genetic models), which in turn has an increasing effect on the accuracy of selection, and thus on the realised response to selection. Solution to both of these issues is to adjust the predicted response to the new situation and compare the newly predicted to the realised selection response.

Thus:

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