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Conclusions
Scenario with lowest energy use:
Scenario 1.1 with no illumination requires the lowest energy use. Using illumination increases energy use, variable costs and crop production significantly.Scenario with lowest CO2 emissions in future energy net:
Scenario 1.2 (HPS without CHP) has the highest electricity consumption, but the lowest CO2 emissions. In these scenarios it was assumed that the electricity from the grid stems from renewable sources. If the average CO2 emission of electricity in the public grid of the Netherlands (350 gram per kWh in the early 2020s) is assumed, Scenario 1.2 becomes the greenhouse with the highest CO2-emission: 51.5+234.6 x 0.350 = 134 kg/(m² yr). The dominant share of emissions is then produced elsewhere.Scenarios with lowest CO2 emissions in current energy net:
Assigning this 350 gram CO2 emission to public grid electricity would mean that the CO2 emission associated with Scenario 1.4 would increase with 87.1 x 0.35 = 20 kg/(m² yr), whereas the CO2 emissions associated with Scenario 1.5 would decrease by 32.7 x 0.35=11.4 kg/(m² yr).
This shows that LEDs always outperform HPS lighting.
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