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Non-illuminated tomato cultivation in a modern glass greenhouse inShanghai, China
The temperature setpoints are equal across scenarios (a consequence of RTR-based temperature control), as light conditions are equal across scenarios
A boiler on LPG in combination with a thermal screen is used for the low temperatures during winter
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Each cooling system differs significantly in their electricity use. Pad and fan systems (4.2) have a significantly lower electricity use than mechanical cooling (4.3-4.4). The chillers with pumps and fans used for mechanical cooling dramatically increase electricity use.   |
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The cold production is expressed below as net sensible cooling power provided to the greenhouse by each cooling system. The pad and fan system also produces latent cooling power via evaporative cooling. Evaporative cooling is hindered by the high external humidity.   |
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Conclusions
Scenario with lowest energy use:
Because of the high outside humidityNatural ventilation (4.1) logically requires the lowest energy use. Using cooling can increase energy use, variable costs and crop production significantly. When cooling is applied, pad and fan has systems (4.2) require the lowest energy use but suffer from insufficient cooling capacity due to the high ambient humidity.Scenario with lowest CO2 emissions in future energy net:
The CO2 footprint is the direct result of the CO2 footprint of the local energy mix, as no fossil fuels were used for the operation of these greenhouses. In a fully renewable energy network, the CO2 footprint would remain zero across Scenarios. Water use is at the moment not included in the CO2 footprint of the greenhouse.Scenario with lowest CO2 emissions in current energy net:
The CO2 footprint is the direct result of the CO2 footprint of the local energy mix, as no fossil fuels were used for the operation of these greenhouses. In a mixed energy network, the CO2 footprint is proportional to the energy use. Water use is at the moment not included in the CO2 footprint of the greenhouse.
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