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Tomato cultivation without artificial illumination in a modern glass greenhouse inThe Netherlands
As light-conditions are equal in all scenarios, the temperatures to be achieved in the greenhouse are equal in all scenarios (a consequence of RTR-based temperature control)
Twoenergy screensto limit the heat demand
Dehumidification for Scenarios 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 is performed by forced ventilation of outside air
CO2-enrichment from flue gases, supplemented with pure CO2
No variable costs for biomass
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The overall performance, expressed in some key numbers and sustainability, is compared in the table below.
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Consistent production can be achieved using various heating technologies.
Crop production can be maintained at a consistent level using different heating systems, if the necessary capacities are installed.Geothermal heat has lowest energy demand.
When comparing the heating systems, the geothermal system clearly has a lower energy use than the greenhouses with heat pumps or boilers. This benefit is to be expected, but has to be weighed against the higher initial investments for geothermal systems to determine the financial feasibility.Fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions can be reduced by switching heating technology.
All alternative scenarios result in a significant reduction of the fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions. As no CO2 emission was attributed to biomass, Scenario 2.4 results in the lowest emission.Heat pumps decrease CO2 emissions but increase costs.
The heat pump with latent heat recovery has the highest variable costs and electricity use.
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