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Tomato cultivation without artificial illumination in a modern glass greenhouse inThe Netherlands
As light-conditions are equal in all scenarios, the temperatures to be achieved in the greenhouse are equal in all scenarios (a consequence of RTR-based temperature control)
Twoenergy screensto limit the heat demand
Dehumidification for Scenarios 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 is performed by forced ventilation of outside air
CO2-enrichment from flue gases, supplemented with pure CO2
No variable costs for biomass
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Conclusions
Scenario with lowest energy use:
Scenario 2.3 using geothermal heat requires the lowest energy use. Using available natural sources of energy reduces energy use and variable costs.Scenario with lowest CO2 emissions in future energy net:
All alternative scenarios result in a significant reduction of the CO2 emission. As no CO2 emission was attributed to biomass, Scenario 2.4 results in the lowest emission. As it was assumed that the electricity from the grid stems from renewable sources, electricity use has no effect on CO2 emissions.Scenario with lowest CO2 emissions in current energy net:
All alternative scenarios result in a significant reduction of the CO2 emission. As no CO2 emission was attributed to biomass, Scenario 2.4 results in the lowest emission. In the current energy net, electricity use has a greater effect on total CO2 emissions. If the average CO2 emission of electricity in the public grid of the Netherlands (350 gram per kWh in the early 2020s) is assumed, Scenario 2.2 has the second-highest CO2 emission (10.0+77.8 x 0.350 = 37.2 kg/(m² yr)), followed by Scenario 2.3 with 16.1 kg/(m² yr) and 2.4 with 3.9 kg/(m² yr).
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Simulate
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