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Definitions

Hitch-hiking is the change in the frequency of an allele due to selection on a closely linked locus with a positive allele

Signature of selection or selection footprint is the pattern of reduced diversity neighbouring on a chromosome to a gene that has been strongly selected for or against within a population

Definitions

Linkage is the phenomenon by which alleles at loci that are close together on a chromosome and which have been inherited together from one parent of an individual tend to be passed on together to an individual’s offspring. The closer the loci are on a chromosome the stronger is this phenomenon. When the loci are on different chromosomes then this tendency is completely absent

Linkage disequilibrium is a fixed combination of alleles in haplotypes. Over time recombination events between loci will remove this combination, more quickly the further away the loci are from each other

Bottleneck is a period when the number of parents used to reproduce the breed was particularly small. In such a period the genetic drift is high due to a marked reduction in the size of the   population

Introgression is transfer of an allele or set of alleles from one breed to another. This is achieved by the crossing of a number of parents from the donor breed to the recipient breed, followed by   systematic backcrossing to the recipient breed, with parents chosen to be carriers of the desired alleles. Markers can be used to detect these carriers