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Table of contents

Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Human nutrition

2.1. Human nutrition: a general introduction

2.1.1. Digestive system

2.1.2. Nutrients

2.1.3. Macronutrients

2.1.4. Micronutrients

2.1.5. Other substances

2.1.6. Phytochemicals

2.1.7. Undesirable components

2.1.8. Balanced diet

2.2. Bioavailability

2.2.1. Enhancers of nutrient bioavailability

2.2.2. Inhibitors of nutrient bioavailability

2.3. Malnutrition

2.3.1. The big five: micronutrient deficiencies that cause major health problems globally

2.3.2. Prevalence of malnutrition

2.3.3. Malnutrition across socio-economic groups

2.3.4. Consequences of malnutrition

2.3.5. Nutrition problems in the Netherlands

2.4. Mitigating malnutrition

2.4.1. Biofortification

2.4.2. Nutrient requirements

2.4.3. Target values for breeders

2.4.4. Upper levels

2.4.5. Consumer perspective

3. Compounds in plant that provide nutritional value

3.1. Minerals in plants: a brief overview

3.2. Phytochemicals

3.2.1. Carotenoids

3.2.2. Flavonoids

3.2.3. Tocopherol: Vitamin E

3.2.4. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

3.2.5. Phytic acid

4. How to measure nutrients in plant foods?

4.1. Harvest and pre-treatments of food samples

4.2. Analysis of minerals

4.3. Analysis of phytonutrients

4.4. Preparing phytonutrient extracts

4.5. Detection of phytochemicals in food extracts

4.6. Metabolomics: next generation phytochemical analysis

5. How to change the amounts of compounds with nutritional value in plants?

5.1. General explanation of effects of cultivation practices on plants

5.1.1. Light

5.1.2. Temperature

5.1.3. Water and nutrients

5.1.4. Soil and substrate

5.1.5. Relative humidity and gas exchange

5.1.6. Phytohormones and plant volatiles

5.1.7. The dilution effect

5.2. The effects of plant fertilizers on the nutritional value of plants for humans

5.2.1. Calcium

5.2.2. Potassium5.2.3. Iron

5.2.4. Zinc

5.2.5. Selenium

5.2.6. Iodine

5.3. Effect of soil health on the nutritional value of plants for humans

5.3.1. Examples of scientific difficulties in relating soil health and human health

5.3.2. Links between soil health, plant health and human health

5.4. Effect of Organic farming on the nutritional value of plants for humans

5.5. The effects of light quality and quantity on the nutritional value of plants for humans

5.5.1. Intensity

5.5.2. Spectrum

5.6. Examples of the impact of cultivar choice on the nutritional value for humans

5.6.1. The effects of genotypical/cultivar differences on plant mineral content

5.6.2. The effects of species (genotypical/cultivar) differences on phytochemical concentration

5.6.3. The effects of grafting on plant nutritional value

5.7. Postharvest

5.7.1. The living plant product and quality

5.7.2. From preharvest to postharvest quality

6. Conclusions and Future Outlook





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